Minnesota Peer Review Statute

This information was last updated by Horty, Springer & Mattern on October 3, 2024.

MINNESOTA

PEER REVIEW

Minn. Stat. Ann. §145.61. Definitions

Subdivision 1. Scope. As used in sections 145.61 to 145.67, the terms defined in this section have the meanings given them.

Subd. 2. Professional. “Professional” means a person licensed or registered to practice a healing art under chapter 147 or 148, to practice dentistry under chapter 150A, to practice as a pharmacist under chapter 151, or to practice podiatry under chapter 153.

Subd. 3. Professional service. “Professional service” means service rendered by a professional of the type such professional is licensed to perform.

Subd. 4. Health care. “Health care” means professional services rendered by a professional or an employee of a professional and services furnished by a hospital, sanitarium, nursing home or other institution for the hospitalization or care of human beings.

Subd. 4a. Administrative staff. “Administrative staff” means the staff of a hospital, clinic, nursing home, nonprofit health service plan corporation, or health maintenance organization.

Subd. 4b. Consumer director. “Consumer director” means a director of a health service plan corporation or health maintenance organization who is not a licensed or registered health care professional.

Subd. 4c. Preferred provider organization. “Preferred provider organization” means an organization that contracts with insurance carriers or other entities to arrange a network of health care providers whose services are offered to the insureds or other covered persons.

Subd. 5. Review organization. “Review organization” means a nonprofit organization acting according to clause (l), a committee as defined under section 144E.32, subdivision 2, or a committee whose membership is limited to professionals, administrative staff, and consumer directors, except where otherwise provided for by state or federal law, and which is established by one or more of the following: a hospital, a clinic, a nursing home, an ambulance service or first responder service regulated under chapter 144E, one or more state or local associations of professionals, an organization of professionals from a particular area or medical institution, a health maintenance organization as defined in chapter 62D, a community integrated service network as defined in chapter 62N, a nonprofit health service plan corporation as defined in chapter 62C, a preferred provider organization, a professional standards review organization established pursuant to United States Code, title 42, section 1320c-1 et seq., a medical review agent established to meet the requirements of section 256B.04, subdivision 15, the Department of Human Services, Direct Care and Treatment, or a nonprofit corporation that owns, operates, or is established by one or more of the above referenced entities, to gather and review information relating to the care and treatment of patients for the purposes of:

(a) evaluating and improving the quality of health care;

(b) reducing morbidity or mortality;

(c) obtaining and disseminating statistics and information relative to the treatment and prevention of diseases, illness and injuries;

(d) developing and publishing guidelines showing the norms of health care in the area or medical institution or in the entity or organization that established the review organization;

(e) developing and publishing guidelines designed to keep within reasonable bounds the cost of health care;

(f) developing and publishing guidelines designed to improve the safety of care provided to individuals;

(g) reviewing the safety, quality, or cost of health care services provided to enrollees of health maintenance organizations, community integrated service networks, health service plans, preferred provider organizations, and insurance companies;

(h) acting as a professional standards review organization pursuant to United States Code, title 42, section 1320c-1 et seq.;

(i) determining whether a professional shall be granted staff privileges in a medical institution, membership in a state or local association of professionals, or participating status in a nonprofit health service plan corporation, health maintenance organization, community integrated service network, preferred provider organization, or insurance company, or whether a professional’s staff privileges, membership, or participation status should be limited, suspended or revoked;

(j) reviewing, ruling on, or advising on controversies, disputes or questions between:

(1) health insurance carriers, nonprofit health service plan corporations, health maintenance organizations, community integrated service networks, self-insurers and their insureds, subscribers, enrollees, or other covered persons;

(2) professional licensing boards and health providers licensed by them;

(3) professionals and their patients concerning diagnosis, treatment or care, or the charges or fees therefor;

(4) professionals and health insurance carriers, nonprofit health service plan corporations, health maintenance organizations, community integrated service networks, or self-insurers concerning a charge or fee for health care services provided to an insured, subscriber, enrollee, or other covered person;

(5) professionals or their patients and the federal, state, or local government, or agencies thereof;

(k) providing underwriting assistance in connection with professional liability insurance coverage applied for or obtained by dentists, or providing assistance to underwriters in evaluating claims against dentists;

(l) acting as a medical review agent under section 256B.04, subdivision 15;

(m) providing recommendations on the medical necessity of a health service, or the relevant prevailing community standard for a health service;

(n) providing quality assurance as required by United States Code, title 42, sections 1396r(b)(1)(b) and 1395i-3(b)(1)(b) of the Social Security Act;

(o) providing information to group purchasers of health care services when that information was originally generated within the review organization for a purpose specified by this subdivision;

(p) providing information to other, affiliated or nonaffiliated review organizations, when that information was originally generated within the review organization for a purpose specified by this subdivision, and as long as that information will further the purposes of a review organization as specified by this subdivision; or

(q) participating in a standardized incident reporting system, including Internet-based applications, to share information for the purpose of identifying and analyzing trends in medical error and iatrogenic injury.

§145.62. Providing information to review organization; immunity

No person, firm, or corporation providing information to a review organization shall be subject to any action for damages or other relief, by reason of having furnished such information, unless such information is false and the person providing such information knew, or had reason to believe, such information was false.

§145.63. Review organization; advisory capacity; immunity

Subdivision 1. Members, directors, and officers. No review organization and no person who is a member or employee, director, or officer of, who acts in an advisory capacity to, or who furnishes counsel or services to, a review organization shall be liable for damages or other relief in any action brought by a person or persons whose activities have been or are being scrutinized or reviewed by a review organization, by reason of the performance by the person of any duty, function, or activity of such review organization, unless the performance of such duty, function or activity was motivated by malice toward the person affected thereby. No review organization and no person shall be liable for damages or other relief in any action by reason of the performance of the review organization or person of any duty, function, or activity as a review organization or a member of a review committee or by reason of any recommendation or action of the review committee when the person acts in the reasonable belief that the action or recommendation is warranted by facts known to the person or the review organization after reasonable efforts to ascertain the facts upon which the review organization’s action or recommendation is made, except that any corporation designated as a review organization under the Code of Federal Regulations, title 42, section 466 (1983) shall be subject to actions for damages or other relief by reason of any failure of a person, whose care or treatment is required to be scrutinized or reviewed by the review organization, to receive medical care or treatment as a result of a determination by the review organization that medical care was unnecessary or inappropriate.

The protections from liability provided in this subdivision shall also apply to the governing body of the review organization and shall not be waived as a result of referral of a matter from the review organization to the governing body or consideration by the governing body of decisions, recommendations, or documentation of the review organization.

Subd. 2. Organizations. No state or local association of professionals or organization of professionals from a particular area shall be liable for damages or other relief in any action brought by a person whose activities have been or are being scrutinized or reviewed by a review organization established by the association or organization, unless the association or organization was motivated by malice towards the person affected by the review or scrutiny.

§145.64. Confidentiality of records of review organization

Subdivision 1. Data and information.

(a) Except as provided in subdivision 4, data and information acquired by a review organization, in the exercise of its duties and functions, or by an individual or other entity acting at the direction of a review organization, shall be held in confidence, shall not be disclosed to anyone except to the extent necessary to carry out one or more of the purposes of the review organization, and shall not be subject to subpoena or discovery. No person described in section 145.63 shall disclose what transpired at a meeting of a review organization except to the extent necessary to carry out one or more of the purposes of a review organization. The proceedings and records of a review organization shall not be subject to discovery or introduction into evidence in any civil action against a professional arising out of the matter or matters which are the subject of consideration by the review organization. Information, documents or records otherwise available from original sources shall not be immune from discovery or use in any civil action merely because they were presented during proceedings of a review organization, nor shall any person who testified before a review organization or who is a member of it be prevented from testifying as to matters within the person’s knowledge, but a witness cannot be asked about the witness’ testimony before a review organization or opinions formed by the witness as a result of its hearings. For purposes of this subdivision, records of a review organization include Internet-based data derived from data shared for the purposes of the standardized incident reporting system described in section 145.61, subdivision 5, clause (q), and reports submitted electronically in compliance with sections 144.706 to 144.7069.

(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), a review organization may release nonpatient-identified aggregate trend data on medical error and iatrogenic injury and a facility may file the reports, analyses, and plans required by sections 144.706 to 144.7069 without violating this section or being subjected to a penalty under section 145.66 and without compromising the protections provided under sections 145.61 to 145.67 to the reporter of such information; to the review organization, its sponsoring organizations, and members; and to the underlying data and reports.

(c) The confidentiality protection and protection from discovery or introduction into evidence provided in this subdivision shall also apply to the governing body of the review organization and shall not be waived as a result of referral of a matter from the review organization to the governing body or consideration by the governing body of decisions, recommendations, or documentation of the review organization.

(d) The governing body of a hospital, health maintenance organization, or community integrated service network, that is owned or operated by a governmental entity, may close a meeting to discuss decisions, recommendations, deliberations, or documentation of the review organization. A meeting may not be closed except by a majority vote of the governing body in a public meeting. The closed meeting must be tape recorded and the tape must be retained by the governing body for five years.

Subd. 2. Provider data. The restrictions in subdivision 1 shall not apply to professionals requesting or seeking through discovery, data, information, or records relating to their medical staff privileges, membership, or participation status. However, any data so disclosed in such proceedings shall not be admissible in any other judicial proceeding than those brought by the professional to challenge an action relating to the professional’s medical staff privileges or participation status.

Subd. 3. Hennepin county emergency medical services data. Data collected, created, or maintained by the quality committee of the Hennepin county emergency medical services advisory council when conducting a health care review activity of the emergency medical services function or services are private data on individuals or nonpublic data not on individuals, as defined in section 13.02.

Subd. 4 Standardized incident reporting system data. A review organization that is participating in a standardized incident reporting system described in section 145.61, subdivision 5, clause (q), may release data for purposes of the reporting system, provided that the data do not identify an individual and are not released in a manner in which an individual can be identified.

Subd. 5. Commissioner of health. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit or restrict the right of the commissioner of health to access the original information, documents, or records acquired by a review organization as permitted by law.

§145.65. Guidelines not admissible in evidence

No guideline established by a review organization shall be admissible in evidence in any proceeding brought by or against a professional by a person to whom such professional has rendered professional services.

145.66. Penalty for violation

Any disclosure other than that authorized by section 145.64, of data and information acquired by a review committee or of what transpired at a review meeting, is a misdemeanor.